Plate heat exchangers are widely used in various scenarios. In HVAC systems, they handle district heating, cooling, and air – conditioning. In the industrial sector, they play crucial roles in power generation, chemical processing, food and beverage production, and pharmaceutical manufacturing, such as equipment cooling, chemical reaction temperature control, and food sterilization. For renewable energy, they are applied in solar water heating and ground – source heat pump systems. Additionally, they are essential in the marine industry for power system cooling and domestic hot water supply, as well as in data centers for equipment heat dissipation, all due to their high efficiency and compact design.